The next decision is to film in widescreen (16:9) or full screen (4:3). These numbers reflect the ratio of pixels vertically to the number of pixels horizontally. This decision on which ratio to choose is always based on what kind of effect the director wants to create. Today, wide screen is generally accepted as the superior ratio for the majority of media productions, hence why a majority of new televisions are produced to accommodate wide screen film.
Wide screen is commonly seen as the more perceptually realistic format because more often than not, when examining our world we look around horizontally. Having more horizontal screen space is usually considered preferable. For example, if a scene featured a group of characters having a discussion, it would be considerably more important to have the extra horizontal screen space. The extra horizontal screen space provided by wide screen ratio would allow more characters to be included in each frame, thus reducing the need for as many camera edits and movements.
One of reasons it’s so important to consider the ratio is because once footage has been recorded, conversion to a different ratio is ill advised. As the conversion is made, pixels of footage are cut out to fit the dimensions of the new ratio. For example if you converted standard ratio to wide screen dimensions the top parts of the material would be cut and the rest would be stretched out to meet the new dimensions.
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